冠狀病毒是一羣具有套膜的RNA病毒,在電子顯微鏡下呈皇冠狀,其正性單股RNA約由27000~30000多個鹼基組成,爲已知最大的RNA病毒,可感染人、雞、豬、牛、鼠、貓等動物,會引發呼吸道與腸道的疾病,並引起人類輕微感冒。冠狀病毒分爲三大類,其中兩類感染哺乳動物,另一類只感染鳥類,基本上這類病毒的宿主相當專一,主要引發呼吸道與腸道感染。2003年新發現的一種冠狀病毒,爲引起人類嚴重急性呼吸道症候羣(SARS)。
嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵冠狀病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus:SARS CoV,SCoV SARS冠狀病毒)屬與環狀病毒(torovirus)屬同爲動脈炎病毒科(arteriviridae),劃作套病毒(nidovims)目。冠狀病毒依其抗原性差異分爲3羣。SARSCoV與任何一羣的同源性均顯不高,有的研究者將其歸屬於2羣。Ksiazek示它可能爲兩羣的重組病毒。2005年6月Colorado會議提議將SCoV分類爲2羣。
SARS冠狀病毒在種屬分類上屬於“ssRNA positive-strand viruses”家系的“Nidovirales”族中的“Coronaviridae”系(見Taxonomy)。它是冠狀病毒家族中新出現的一個子類。全長29,736bp,已知有11個編碼序列(cds),而其中的一個cds(putative orf1ab polyprotein)與鼠類的肝炎病毒(murine hepatitis virus)結構類似,依據鼠類的肝炎病毒的結構模式,推斷出該段cds應該編碼了14個蛋白質。
A new member of Coronavirus family |
“非典型肺炎”元兇冠狀病毒圖 |
最新科學文獻
- SARS綜述:SARS病毒基因組與侵入宿主細胞研究近況
- SARS綜述:SARS非典型肺炎的臨牀和治療進展
- The Preliminary Analysis of SARS Co-V-Host Cell Interaction(CMBI-PUCHG Since 5.7)
- The Preliminary Analysis of SARS Coronavirus Genome and Proteins(CMBI-PUCHG Since 4.26)
- Interpretation of diagnostic laboratory tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome: the Toronto experience(CMAJ-2004.1.6)
- Laboratory tests for SARS: Powerful or peripheral?(CMAJ-2004.1.6)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)—paradigm of an emerging viral infection(J Clin Virology-2004,vol29)
- Biosynthesis, Purification, and Substrate Specificity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3C-like Proteinase(JBC-2004.1)
- Evaluation of Control Measures Implemented in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in Beijing,2003(JAMA-12.24)
- Interferon Alfacon-1 plus Corticosteroids in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(JAMA-12.24)
- Early diagnosis of SARS Coronavirus infection by real time RT-PCR(J Clin Virology-2003,vol28)
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Editorial(J Clin Virology-2003,vol28)
- SARS-coronavirus replicates in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood (PBMCs) from SARS patients(J Clin Virology-2003,vol28)
- SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets(Nature-10.30)
- Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(PNAS-10.28)
- Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China(Science-10.10)
- Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China(Sciencexpress-9.4)
- Possible role of an animal vector in the SARS outbreak at Amoy Gardens(Lancet-8.16)
- Managing SARS (N Engl J Med-8.14)
- SARS in Hong Kong (N Engl J Med-8.14)
- SARS and the Internet (N Engl J Med-8.14)
- A surfeit of SARS (Lancet-8.12)
- SARS: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Management, and Infection Control Measures(Mayo Clin Proc-7)
- SARS: 1918 Revisited? The Urgent Need for Global Collaboration in Public Health(Mayo Clin Proc-7)
- Fatal Aspergillosis in a Patient with SARS Who Was Treated with Corticosteroids (N Engl J Med-7.31)
- Profile of Specific Antibodies to the SARS-Associated Coronavirus (N Engl J Med-7.31)
- Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome(Lancet-7.26)
- Treatment of SARS with human interferons (Lancet-7.26)
- SARS — Looking Back over the First 100 Days (N Engl J Med-7.24)
- SARS, What have we learned? (Nature-7.10)
- Coronavirus Genomic-Sequence Variations and the Epidemiology of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(N Engl J Med-7.10)
參考資料